{"id":4032,"date":"2022-08-11T04:19:23","date_gmt":"2022-08-11T06:19:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/allgrain.lt\/?p=4032"},"modified":"2022-08-11T04:50:49","modified_gmt":"2022-08-11T06:50:49","slug":"grudininkams-nerima-kelia-fuzarioze-kaip-nustatyti-ar-grudai-pazeisti-ligos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/allgrain.lt\/en\/grudininkams-nerima-kelia-fuzarioze-kaip-nustatyti-ar-grudai-pazeisti-ligos\/","title":{"rendered":"Gr\u016bdininkams nerim\u0105 kelia fuzarioz\u0117 \u2013 kaip nustatyti, ar gr\u016bdai pa\u017eeisti ligos?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"qtranxs-available-languages-message qtranxs-available-languages-message-en\">Sorry, this entry is only available in <a href=\"https:\/\/allgrain.lt\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4032\" class=\"qtranxs-available-language-link qtranxs-available-language-link-lt\" title=\"Lietuvi\u0173\">Lietuvi\u0173<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p><p>Kaip ir kiekvienais metais\u00a0gr\u016bd\u0173 supirkimo metu i\u0161kyla i\u0161augintos \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio produkcijos, tame tarpe ir jav\u0173 gr\u016bd\u0173 kokyb\u0117s klausim\u0173. \u0160iais metais gr\u016bdininkams aktuali gr\u016bd\u0173 u\u017esikr\u0117timo <em>Fusarium<\/em> patogenais tema. Gr\u016bdai susitrauk\u0119, pakeit\u0119 spalv\u0105, daug balt\u0173 gr\u016bd\u0173, tod\u0117l kyla klausim\u0173 ar balti, rausvi, ta\u0161kuoti rauk\u0161l\u0117ti gr\u016bdai yra pa\u017eeisti fuzarioz\u0117s ar lemti kit\u0173 veiksni\u0173, tame tarpe \u00a0ir gamtini\u0173 s\u0105lyg\u0173.<\/p>\n<p>Gr\u016bd\u0173 augintojams ir supirk\u0117jams svarbu \u017einoti, kad d\u0117l varp\u0173 fuzarioz\u0117s suma\u017e\u0117ja ne tik gr\u016bd\u0173 mas\u0117 ir netenkama dalies derliaus, bet ir \u0161i\u0105 lig\u0105 sukeliantys <em>Fusarium<\/em> genties grybai produkuoja mikotoksinus, kurie yra pavojingi tiek \u017emoni\u0173, tiek gyvuli\u0173 sveikatai. Superkant gr\u016bdus u\u017esikr\u0117timas <em>Fusarium\u00a0<\/em>spp. \u012fvertinamas plika akimi pagal apibr\u0117\u017etus po\u017eymius. Ta\u010diau vizual\u016bs po\u017eymiai neb\u016btinai yra esminis indikatorius mikotoksin\u0173 kiekiui gr\u016bduose. Juos produkuoja gr\u016bdai, kurie nesiskiria dyd\u017eiu ir spalva nuo sveik\u0173, ta\u010diau jau u\u017esikr\u0117t\u0119. \u0160i\u0173 met\u0173 s\u0105lygomis \u00a0mokslininkai rekomenduoja ne tik \u012fvertinti jav\u0173 gr\u016bdus vizualiai ir vertinti tik tipinius \u0161iai ligai po\u017eymius, bet ir mikotoksin\u0173 \u00a0tyrimus bent dalyje m\u0117gini\u0173. Tikslinga \u012fvertinti ir vyraujan\u010dias \u0161iais metais <em>Fusarium <\/em>r\u016b\u0161is ant gr\u016bd\u0173.<\/p>\n<p>Kadangi klausim\u0105, kaip atpa\u017einti lig\u0105, kelia visos pus\u0117s, tiek \u016bkininkai, tiek gr\u016bdus superkan\u010dios, perdirban\u010dios, eksportuojan\u010dios \u012fmon\u0117s, laboratorijos, skubiai suorganizuotas susitikimas\u00a0 su LAMMC \u00a0\u017demdirbyst\u0117s instituto mokslininkais. \u0160io susitikimo metu kaip tik ir buvo pristatomos prie\u017eastys, kod\u0117l atskirais metais\u00a0 i\u0161auginami vienoki\u0173 ar kitoki\u0173 \u00a0kokybini\u0173 parametr\u0173 gr\u016bdai, \u012f k\u0105 reikt\u0173 atkreipti d\u0117mes\u012f nustatant gr\u016bd\u0173 u\u017ekr\u0117stumo lyg\u012f. \u00a0Susitikimo metu patirtimi ir rekomendacijomis pasidalijo LAMMC \u017demdirbyst\u0117s instituto mikrobiologijos laboratorijos \u00a0ved\u0117ja dr. Skaidr\u0117 Supronien\u0117.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0160iemet palankios s\u0105lygos varp\u0173 fuzariozei plisti <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4035 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/allgrain.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/download-3-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allgrain.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/download-3-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/allgrain.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/download-3-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/allgrain.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/download-3.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>LAMMC \u017demdirbyst\u0117s instituto Augal\u0173 patologijos ir apsaugos skyriaus ved\u0117ja dr. Roma Sema\u0161kien\u0117 sako, kad \u0161ilt\u0117jantis klimatas vis da\u017eniau suteikia nauj\u0173 patir\u010di\u0173 ir da\u017enesnio per\u017ei\u016br\u0117jimo\u00a0 reikalaujan\u010di\u0173 sprendim\u0173.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160ie metai i\u0161siskyr\u0117\u00a0 gausiomis li\u016btimis, kurios buvo vienas i\u0161 lemian\u010di\u0173 veiksni\u0173 lig\u0173 plitimui jav\u0173 pas\u0117liuose. Lietingi orai vyravo ir jautriausiu u\u017esikr\u0117timui varp\u0173 fuzariozei tarpsniu &#8211; \u017eyd\u0117jimo metu. Lietaus pursl\u0173 pagalba \u00a0ligos u\u017ekratas pakeliamas \u00a0iki varpos. Varp\u0173 fuzarioz\u0117 ypatingai pavojinga jautrioms jav\u0173 veisl\u0117ms. Atkreiptinas d\u0117mesys, jog u\u017ekrato sankaupos yra gausesn\u0117s pas\u0117liuose, kur taikytas supaprastintas \u017eem\u0117s dirbimas, s\u0117ta tiesiai \u012f ra\u017eienas, po kukur\u016bz\u0173. Ankstyvas jav\u0173 pas\u0117li\u0173 i\u0161gulimas ir su vis pasikartojan\u010diais lietumis, v\u0117luojanti javapj\u016bt\u0117 taip pat prisideda prie gausesnio gr\u016bd\u0173 u\u017esikr\u0117timo miktoksinus produkuojan\u010diomis <em>Fusarium<\/em> r\u016b\u0161imis.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Savalaikis u\u017ekrato \u012fvertinimas \u2013 labai \u00a0svarbu <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4037 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/allgrain.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5F6F7F2F-924A-480D-A70A-59E4754F2798-225x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/allgrain.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5F6F7F2F-924A-480D-A70A-59E4754F2798-225x300.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/allgrain.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5F6F7F2F-924A-480D-A70A-59E4754F2798-768x1024.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/allgrain.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5F6F7F2F-924A-480D-A70A-59E4754F2798-1152x1536.jpeg 1152w, https:\/\/allgrain.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5F6F7F2F-924A-480D-A70A-59E4754F2798.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>Gr\u016bd\u0173 supirk\u0117jai nerimauja, jog laiku ir atitinkamose grandyse nenusta\u010dius ligos, pa\u017eeisti gr\u016bdai gali patekti tarp sveik\u0173, o tai neabejotinai tur\u0117s neigiam\u0173 pasekmi\u0173. Tod\u0117l, pasak gr\u016bd\u0173 supirk\u0117j\u0173, \u012fmon\u0117s turi \u017einoti, kaip \u012fvertinti, ar pristatytas derlius sveikas dar prie\u0161 u\u017e j\u012f atsiskaitant su gr\u016bd\u0173\u00a0 pardav\u0117ju. Pasak Lietuvos gr\u016bd\u0173 perdirb\u0117j\u0173 ir prekybinink\u0173 asociacijos direktor\u0117s Dalios Ru\u0161\u010diauskien\u0117s, kiekvienam gr\u016bdus superkan\u010diam \u016bkio subjektui ir gr\u016bd\u0173 pardav\u0117jui svarbu teisingai ir kuo grei\u010diau nustatyti kiekvienos gr\u016bd\u0173 partijos kokyb\u0119, tod\u0117l \u0161iuo atveju ai\u0161k\u016bs fuzarioz\u0117s nustatymo kriterijai yra pagrindas, \u00a0kokie gr\u016bdai bus pilami \u012f aruodus. \u201eKai kurios <em>Fusarium<\/em>\u00a0 r\u016b\u0161ys produkuoja toksinus ir teisingai ne\u012fvertinus superkam\u0173 gr\u016bd\u0173 kokyb\u0117s, bei nupirkus tokius gr\u016bdus, tai gr\u016bd\u0173 supirk\u0117jui gali tapti didele problema. <em>Fusarium <\/em>\u00a0gryb\u0173 pa\u017eeisti gr\u016bdai yra kenksmingi, da\u017enai b\u016bna pa\u017eeistas gr\u016bdo baltymas, tokie gr\u016bdai netinka nei pa\u0161ar\u0173, nei kit\u0173 gr\u016bd\u0173 produkt\u0173 gamybai. Tad Lietuvos gr\u016bd\u0173 perdirb\u0117j\u0173 ir prekybinink\u0173 asociacijai priklausan\u010dios \u012fmon\u0117s tampa tuo \u201esugertuku\u201c, kuriam tenka spr\u0119sti d\u0117l nesveik\u0173 gr\u016bd\u0173 i\u0161kilusias problemas\u201c, \u2013 \u00a0sako D. Ru\u0161\u010diauskien\u0117.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Galima \u012fvertinti vizualiai<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mokslininkai pataria \u016bkininkams, kaip patiems \u012fvertinti, ar augalai neserga. Pasak, dr. R.Sema\u0161kien\u0117s, \u00a0kvie\u010di\u0173 pas\u0117lyje pa\u017eeistos \u00a0varpos pasimato brandos metu. Matosi i\u0161bal\u0119 varpos segmentai ar net visa varpa, \u00a0vietomis arba i\u0161tisai padengtos rausva grybiena. \u00a0Vasarini\u0173 mie\u017ei\u0173 ar avi\u017e\u0173 pas\u0117liuose i\u0161balusi\u0173 varp\u0173 ar \u0161luoteli\u0173 d\u0117l varp\u0173 fuzarioz\u0117s pa\u017eeidimo taip ai\u0161kiai kaip kvie\u010diuose nematyti. Brandai einant \u012f pabaig\u0105 ir pakitus pas\u0117li\u0173 spalvai, fuzarioz\u0117s pa\u017eeistas varpas galima atpa\u017einti i\u0161 rausvai oran\u017ein\u0117s spalvos.\u00a0<em>Fusarium\u00a0<\/em>u\u017ekr\u0117sti kvie\u010di\u0173 gr\u016bdai gali b\u016bti susirauk\u0161l\u0117j\u0119, ma\u017ei, rausvos ar\u00a0 baltos kalkingos \u00a0spalvos. Jei fuzarioze u\u017esikre\u010diama v\u0117liau, gr\u016bdas daugeliu atveju i\u0161lieka normalaus dyd\u017eio, tik \u012fgyja rausv\u0105 atspalv\u012f. Plika akimi tiksliai nustatyti varp\u0173 fuzarioz\u0117s suk\u0117l\u0117j\u0105 ne\u012fmanoma, tai atliekama tik laboratorijoje auginant lig\u0173 suk\u0117l\u0117jus \u00a0ant mitybin\u0117s terp\u0117s ir juos identifikuojant pagal morfologinius po\u017eymius. Analiz\u0117 u\u017etrunka 7-10 dien\u0173. Varp\u0173 fuzarioz\u0117s rizik\u0105 galima prad\u0117ti prognozuoti nuo jav\u0173 \u017eyd\u0117jimo tarpsnio, kada u\u017ekratas patenka ant varpos ir vyrauja palankios ligai s\u0105lygos \u2013 lietinga, \u0161ilta. Pienin\u0117s brandos antroje pus\u0117je i\u0161ry\u0161k\u0117jus po\u017eymiams galime i\u0161 dalies \u012fvertinti b\u016bsimus infekcijos mastus. Ir \u0161iemet apie tai jau ne kart\u0105 kalb\u0117ta, raginta\u00a0 derliaus nu\u0117mimo metu nepamir\u0161ti \u0161ios ligos keliam\u0173 rizik\u0173 ir po derliaus nu\u0117mimo.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rekomendacijos \u016bkininkams,\u00a0 kaip suma\u017einti fuzarioz\u0117s u\u017esikr\u0117tusi\u0173 gr\u016bd\u0173 ir produkuojam\u0173 toksin\u0173 derliaus nu\u0117mimo metu ir po jo:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nev\u0117luoti su javapj\u016bte;<\/li>\n<li>Stengtis pa\u0161alinti kuo daugiau smulki\u0173 gr\u016bd\u0173 jav\u0173 k\u016blimo metu;<\/li>\n<li>Jav\u0173 gr\u016bdus i\u0161 kart nu\u0117mus derli\u0173 valyti ir d\u017eiovinti;<\/li>\n<li>Sekti gr\u016bd\u0173 dr\u0117gm\u0119 j\u0173 saugojimo vietose.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pasak R.Sema\u0161kien\u0117s, u\u017esikr\u0117sti varp\u0173 fuzarioze rizika labai padid\u0117ja ats\u0117liuojant javus ir ypa\u010d s\u0117jant juos \u012f ra\u017eienas. Kukur\u016bzai taip pat yra netinkamas prie\u0161s\u0117lis javams, nes juose daig\u0173, burbuoli\u0173 ir stieb\u0173 puvinius sukelia tie patys\u00a0<em>Fusarium<\/em>\u00a0grybai kaip ir varp\u0173 fuzarioz\u0119. Su \u0161i\u0173 augal\u0173 liku\u010diais dirvoje varp\u0173 fuzarioz\u0117s suk\u0117l\u0117jai gali i\u0161likti gyvybingi net kelerius metus. Nustatyta, kad kukur\u016bz\u0173 liekanos yra tinkamiausios\u00a0<em>Fusarium<\/em>\u00a0gryb\u0173 infekcijai susidaryti, ypa\u010d jei jos nesusmulkinamos ir neu\u017eariamos. Ne tik kukur\u016bz\u0173, bet ir jav\u0173 liku\u010di\u0173 susmulkinimas, skutimas \u00a0ir u\u017earimas suma\u017eina u\u017ekrato kiek\u012f pas\u0117lyje.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>LGPPA informacija \u00a0<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sorry, this entry is only available in Lietuvi\u0173. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.Kaip ir kiekvienais metais\u00a0gr\u016bd\u0173 supirkimo metu i\u0161kyla i\u0161augintos \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio produkcijos, tame tarpe ir jav\u0173 gr\u016bd\u0173 kokyb\u0117s klausim\u0173. \u0160iais metais gr\u016bdininkams aktuali gr\u016bd\u0173 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4033,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cloud"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title><\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/allgrain.lt\/grudininkams-nerima-kelia-fuzarioze-kaip-nustatyti-ar-grudai-pazeisti-ligos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"[:lt]Gr\u016bdininkams nerim\u0105 kelia fuzarioz\u0117 \u2013 kaip nustatyti, ar gr\u016bdai pa\u017eeisti ligos?[:] | AllGrain\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sorry, this entry is only available in Lietuvi\u0173. 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